The virucidal effect of Snucop on African swine fever virus

　　African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and highly contagious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) infecting domestic pigs and various wild pigs (African wild pigs, European wild pigs, etc.). The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) lists it as a notifiable animal disease, and it is also a major animal epidemic that China is actively preventing. It is characterized by a short course of illness, with mortality rates as high as 100% in the most acute and acute infections. Clinical manifestations include fever (reaching 40-42°C), tachycardia, dyspnea, some coughing, serous or mucopurulent secretions from the eyes and nose, cyanosis of the skin, and obvious hemorrhage in the lymph nodes, kidneys, and gastrointestinal mucosa. The clinical symptoms of African swine fever are similar to those of swine fever, and can only be confirmed by laboratory monitoring.

　　 Etiological Agent

　　The African swine fever virus is an important member of the genus African swine fever virus in the family Asfarviridae. The virus particle is 175-215 nm in diameter, icosahedral in symmetry, and enveloped. The genome is a double-stranded linear DNA, 170-190 kb in size. In pigs, the African swine fever virus replicates in several types of cytoplasm, especially in reticuloendothelial cells and mononuclear macrophages. The virus can proliferate in soft ticks, making them a major vector.

　　This virus can be detected in the blood, tissue fluid, viscera, and other excretions of infected pigs. The virus in blood can survive for six years in a low-temperature dark room, and for several weeks at room temperature. Heating infected blood to 55°C for 30 minutes or 60°C for 10 minutes will destroy the virus. Many lipid solvents and disinfectants can destroy it.

African swine fever virus Pirbright Institute

　　 Pathogenesis

　　ASFV can enter the pig's body through the mouth and upper respiratory tract, causing infection in the nasopharynx or tonsils. The virus rapidly spreads to the mandibular lymph nodes and spreads throughout the body via the lymph and blood. In strong toxic infections, cell changes are rapid, and cells die before any obvious stimulation response is observed. In weak toxic infections, the stimulation response is easily observed, with enlarged nuclei and widespread mitosis. The morbidity rate is usually between 40% and 85%, and the mortality rate varies depending on the infecting strain. Highly pathogenic strains can have mortality rates as high as 90-100%; moderately pathogenic strains have mortality rates of 20-40% in adult animals and 70-80% in young animals; and low-pathogenic strains have mortality rates of 10-30%.

　　 Control Measures

　　Since no effective vaccine against African swine fever has been developed worldwide, but high temperatures and disinfectants can effectively kill the virus, strengthening biosecurity in pig farms is crucial for controlling African swine fever.

　　 Resistance of ASFV and Disinfectant Selection

　　ASFV is relatively stable in solutions with a pH of 4-10, but is immediately inactivated in serum-free media with a pH <4 or >11.5 (EFSA, 2010). The virus can survive for 6 years in serum at 5°C (41°F) and for several days in a medium containing 25% serum at pH 13.4. ASFV can be inactivated by heating at 60°C (144°F) for 30 min (Plowright and Parker, 1967), or at 56°C (133°F) for 70 min (Mebus, 1988). Many solvents can inactivate the virus by dissolving the envelope, but ASFV is resistant to protease and nuclease degradation (Plowright and Parker, 1967).-------"Swine Pathology" (10th edition) P409

　　 RNL patented substance: It is a product with strong surface activity, obtained by modifying the effective structural groups of SDS.

　　ASFV is an enveloped virus and is sensitive to detergents and other lipid solvents. Formalin, β-propiolactone, oxidants, dilute acids, ether, sodium deoxycholate, hydroxylamine, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and ammonium ions can rapidly destroy its infectivity.

　　 pH value of Sukoujing after dilution

Dilution Ratio	Tap water	Distilled water
Without Sukoujing	7.78	7.21
1:1000	3.13	2.92
1:2000	3.55	3.21

Mechanism of Sukoujing's Action on ASFV

Stable dissolution and sustained slow release

Usage and Dosage of Sukoujing

　　Normal disinfection: Follow the above standards.

　　For specific pathogens, disinfect with the following dilution ratios:

　　Foot-and-mouth disease: 1:1600

　　African swine fever: 1:2000

　　Swine transmissible gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea: 1:2000

　　Optimal usage: Aerosol disinfection with animals present, requiring enclosure of the animal house, which is the most economical and efficient.